{"id":5891,"date":"2021-06-01T09:49:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T09:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/?p=5891"},"modified":"2021-06-01T09:49:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T09:49:39","slug":"5891-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/5891-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I S\u01af THI\u1ec6<\/strong>N DAO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: V\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng V\u0129<\/em>
    \nLi\u00ean M\u00e3n d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung<\/strong>
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/p>\n

    t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean ba quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u00e3ng sanh, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt. Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd<\/p>\n

    lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

    v\u1ec1 v\u00e3ng sanh l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n

    \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, n\u00f3<\/p>\n

    c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.<\/strong> Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c<\/strong>
    \nV\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o (613- 681)<\/p>\n

    \u0111ang n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo l\u1eafng cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

    * Trang 297 *<\/p>\n

    n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0i x\u00e9t c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed1<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

    th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

    nh\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap<\/p>\n

    m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed, v\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

    sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

    ph\u00fac tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1.1. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tha l\u1ef1c<\/strong>
    \nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n

    y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 x\u00e9t theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111em<\/p>\n

    kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a<\/p>\n

    ra kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y y c\u1ee9.
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1n<\/p>\n

    gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0m Loan, \u0110\u1ea1o X\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

    , t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chia ra hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

    th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed5 x\u00fay \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh, t\u00ecm ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

    sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tu t\u1eadp theo. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 t\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a Long<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ecd. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb A-duy-vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb A-duy-vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb<\/p>\n

    y\u1ebfu \u1edbt k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc<\/p>\n

    th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho<\/p>\n

    \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, gi\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

    nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5<\/p>\n

    \u0111i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 \u0111i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

    nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, k\u1ebb \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n,<\/p>\n

    * Trang 298 *<\/p>\n

    thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe kho\u1eafn. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-<\/p>\n

    t\u00e1t c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

    si\u00eang n\u0103ng tinh t\u1ea5n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi d\u00f9ng t\u00edn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    ti\u1ec7n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/p>\n

    A-duy-vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed. (\u2026) C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,<\/p>\n

    n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nhanh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i<\/p>\n

    chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m cung k\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

    ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u\u201d<\/a>[1]<\/a>. A-duy-vi\u1ec7t<\/strong> l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 cho<\/p>\n

    h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc giai v\u1ecb B\u1ed3<\/p>\n

    -t\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quay l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ph\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    , th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi n\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

    kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i c\u0103n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. C\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

    th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n, h\u1ecd<\/p>\n

    kh\u00f4ng \u0111i n\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n. Ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    trong th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd c\u00f3<\/p>\n

    th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ch\u00ecm trong d\u1ea7u s\u00f4i l\u1eeda<\/p>\n

    b\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho<\/p>\n

    r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec danh<\/p>\n

    hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Long<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ecd tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/a>[1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 26, tr. 41.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 299 *<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

    th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c minh b\u1ea1ch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

    b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha<\/p>\n

    l\u1ef1c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a01.2. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n <\/strong>
    \nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. B\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho B\u1ed3-<\/p>\n

    t\u00e1t khi \u0111ang tu h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0<\/p>\n

    Bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n. T\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3<\/p>\n

    chung th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u00ean c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh\u201d. Bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i<\/p>\n

    v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

    tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

    h\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh. Theo kinh V\u00f4 <\/em><\/p>\n

    L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em> n\u00f3i: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng, khi<\/p>\n

    \u0111ang tu h\u00e0nh trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u1ef1<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t ra 48 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    gian tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

    c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u1eddi Th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4n n\u00f3i trong kinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec 48 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-<\/p>\n

    di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i,<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang sanh tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u1edf trong ph\u1ea1m vi 48<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

    m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0. Trong<\/p>\n

    * Trang 300 *<\/p>\n

    b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 34 \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 37; 42<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ebfn 45, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n 47, 48 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang sanh x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    A-di-\u0111\u00e0, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n

    bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tha l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o xem tr\u1ecdng. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, do ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/p>\n

    h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c[1]<\/a> \u00e1c<\/p>\n

    th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

    n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. May m\u1eafn g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4n v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh<\/p>\n

    v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac; b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

    h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y th\u1eddi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3<\/p>\n

    t\u00edch, can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Trong<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

    gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh,<\/p>\n

    do \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u00e2m c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng, 80 t\u00f9y h\u00ecnh h\u1ea3o th\u00ec t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

    t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u201d<\/a>[2]<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cN\u00f3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u4e94\u6fc1: T\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang sanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, phi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

    n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    <\/a>[2]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 343.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 301 *<\/p>\n

    hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh; n\u00f3i th\u00e2n l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3i v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

    trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, do v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt nh\u1edd tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y<\/p>\n

    bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, li\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecd\u201d[1]<\/a>. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, s\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.
    \nH\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

    s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0nh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    th\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

    gi\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb b\u00ean<\/p>\n

    ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tin<\/p>\n

    t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra l\u1ed1i tu cho gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 v\u00e3ng sanh <\/strong>
    \nPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf trong th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

    gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

    tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd<\/p>\n

    ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n H\u1eefu<\/p>\n

    d\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb tham d\u1ee5c, \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,<\/p>\n

    ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh t\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

    t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/p>\n

    n\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

    gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0, trong c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

    gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng d\u1eebng l\u1eb7ng, ch\u00ecm<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 3, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 267.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 302 *<\/p>\n

    v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

    sanh t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ecd sanh trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

    Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

    ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 d\u1ef1a<\/p>\n

    v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

    d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a bao nhi\u00eau, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00fd<\/p>\n

    lu\u1eadn v\u00e3ng sanh. V\u00e3ng sanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    Ta-b\u00e0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

    C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, h\u00f3a sanh trong hoa sen. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 l\u00e0 U\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

    L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/p>\n

    , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n. Do nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

    c\u1ef1c \u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
    \nN\u1ed9i dung h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao h\u00e0m trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.1. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 <\/strong><\/p>\n

    v\u00e3ng sanh<\/strong>
    \nQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, T\u1ecbnh t\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

    k\u00e9m. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ba b\u1eadc<\/p>\n

    ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi trong kinh <\/em><\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em>. Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>, ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    tuy\u00ean n\u00f3i kinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    * Trang 303 *<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi khi v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

    c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c bao g\u1ed3m trong ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m,<\/p>\n

    t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1; trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i b\u1eadc l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai v\u1ecb<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau,<\/p>\n

    trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh \u1ea2nh Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec5n mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n cho<\/p>\n

    r\u1eb1ng ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ba<\/p>\n

    ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc trung l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ba ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

    b\u1eadc h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Theo ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n, v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng,<\/p>\n

    s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/p>\n

    giai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0<\/p>\n

    nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ho\u00e0i nghi<\/p>\n

    v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

    tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3<\/p>\n

    n\u0103ng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh. Theo<\/p>\n

    quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    giai v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, cho r\u1eb1ng giai v\u1ecb v\u00e3ng sanh<\/p>\n

    m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a tha l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1edd l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh trong th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00eanh<\/p>\n

    l\u1ec7ch, ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo<\/p>\n

    l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3<\/p>\n

    c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh.
    \nTi\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u00e9t xem \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

    * Trang 304 *<\/p>\n

    h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

    v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec5n.
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/p>\n

    theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n r\u1eb1ng ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc<\/p>\n

    th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u00ec x\u00e9t theo kinh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    th\u1eeba th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3<\/p>\n

    tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

    giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu h\u00e0nh cao. Nh\u01b0ng trong Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    n\u00f3i v\u00ec b\u00e0 Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u1ea7u xin<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00a0v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i An L\u1ea1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc<\/p>\n

    th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eady th\u00ec ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho<\/p>\n

    h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi<\/p>\n

    kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh; hai l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba; ba l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n, nguy\u1ec7n sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i<\/p>\n

    n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh\u201d[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n n\u00e0y minh<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ba h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh.<\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ba<\/p>\n

    h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh theo l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e3ng sanh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean m\u1edbi chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea9m. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

    d\u1eabn, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m trung sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn v\u1ecb h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn,<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 344.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 305 *<\/p>\n

    Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1 sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng n\u0103m<\/p>\n

    tr\u0103m v\u1ecb h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai<\/p>\n

    kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do thu\u1edf sanh ti\u1ec1n ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c<\/p>\n

    nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/p>\n

    v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho<\/p>\n

    r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

    m\u00e0 cho ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc trung thu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n Ti\u1ec3u<\/p>\n

    th\u1eeba, ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec<\/p>\n

    c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ee7a ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m, \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu; c\u00f2n ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n th\u00ec t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t<\/p>\n

    nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

    Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a ba b\u1eadc ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng Qu\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

    kinh<\/em> l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p.
    \nL\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi.<\/p>\n

    Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-sa-la v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c trung \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Theo Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> ghi l\u1ea1i, vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u1ea7m<\/p>\n

    t\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong b\u1ea3y l\u1edbp ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 \u00fd<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3i cha m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. Khi phu nh\u00e2n Vi<\/p>\n

    -\u0111\u1ec1-hi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nom ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u1ee5 ho\u00e0ng, vua A-<\/p>\n

    x\u00e0-th\u1ebf hay tin li\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111em m\u1eb9<\/p>\n

    m\u00ecnh giam v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5m. Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi v\u00e0 vua T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-<\/p>\n

    sa-la ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n th\u1ebf th\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, n\u00ean \u1edf trong ng\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecd th\u1ea7m ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca, th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t ly. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    li\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, tuy\u00ean n\u00f3i Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>, d\u1ea1y<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecd x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

    * Trang 306 *<\/p>\n

    tho\u00e1t ly sanh t\u1eed cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p. C\u0103n<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee9 theo \u00fd n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh \u1ea2nh Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u00ean Thai Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-<\/p>\n

    t\u00e1t, v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

    cho ch\u00fang sanh. Trong Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec5n n\u00f3i: \u201cPhu nh\u00e2n Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/p>\n

    l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 sanh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn\u201d[1]<\/a>. C\u0169ng<\/p>\n

    trong Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i n\u00f3i: \u201cVi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn\u201d[2]<\/a>. V\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean giai v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e2u: \u201c<\/p>\n

    T\u00e2m sanh hoan h\u1ec9, khen ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, ho\u00e1t nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn\u201d<\/a>[3]<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

    Trong Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u201cPhu nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh n\u00ean<\/p>\n

    m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u xin Th\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c gia h\u1ed9; do n\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    theo Ph\u1eadt l\u1ef1c, n\u00ean b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa. \u00dd \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

    kinh tr\u00ean mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec e ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    ngu si, n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng phu nh\u00e2n Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m ra h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ph\u00e0m, th\u00ec b\u1ecdn t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    sao m\u00e0 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u00e0. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 nghi<\/p>\n

    ng\u1edd n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

    r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. V\u00ec l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu n\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 179.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 191.<\/p>\n

    <\/a>[3]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 346.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 307 *<\/p>\n

    ch\u00ed l\u1edbn\u201d[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec1, Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

    trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec phu nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u00ec h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    phu th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd e ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t\u201d[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tha<\/p>\n

    l\u1ef1c trong Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Do Vi-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec1-hi l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, n\u00ean b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec Vi-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec1-hi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

    sanh, v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u00e0m phu th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd<\/p>\n

    c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    A-di-\u0111\u00e0 m\u00e0 v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, thu h\u00fat<\/p>\n

    m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.
    \nT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00fd<\/p>\n

    lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e3ng sanh. Ng\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

    m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

    l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    theo s\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

    nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

    c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn,<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

    sanh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e3ng sanh nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 260.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Kinh Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em>; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em><\/p>\n

    quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 341.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 308 *<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3<\/p>\n

    c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

    h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

    m\u1ef1c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sanh th\u00ec s\u1ebd<\/p>\n

    l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

    c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng khi v\u00e3ng sanh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/p>\n

    Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    tam Th\u00e1nh (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed,<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m) c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3n, hoa sen c\u0169ng li\u1ec1n n\u1edf ra. H\u1ea1<\/p>\n

    ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1 sanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3n,<\/p>\n

    hoa sen c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ki\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

    d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng m\u1edbi n\u1edf, sau \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed,<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sanh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecd, ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chia ch\u1ebb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng,<\/p>\n

    nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi giai t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.2. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh B\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1edd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
    \nN\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

    cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/p>\n

    t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f3m t\u1eaft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    * Trang 309 *<\/p>\n

    h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ba quan ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

    ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
    \nTh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-<\/p>\n

    di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9\u2019, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu<\/p>\n

    tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    \u1ea2nh Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean<\/p>\n

    Thai v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

    ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
    \nTh\u1ee9 hai, cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-<\/p>\n

    di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh, ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

    ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0.
    \nTh\u1ee9 ba, cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9. H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    th\u00ec \u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Ca T\u00e0i, Nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
    \nC\u1ea3 ba quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n

    chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

    sanh v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9.
    \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

    gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

    ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu c\u0169ng<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u00e0y.
    \nN\u00f3i B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo thuy\u1ebft tam<\/p>\n

    th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, tam th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n,<\/p>\n

    B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n;<\/p>\n

    B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    * Trang 310 *<\/p>\n

    hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ed3-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; H\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong<\/p>\n

    th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1edd<\/p>\n

    qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. L\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

    ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n b\u00e1t<\/p>\n

    t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00e2n b\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

    kh\u1eafp ch\u00fang sanh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau s\u1ebd th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n qua t\u00e1m giai<\/p>\n

    \u0111o\u1ea1n: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1eeb cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t gi\u00e1ng h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0, nh\u1eadp thai, tr\u1ee5 thai, xu\u1ea5t thai, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p), nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y n\u00ean<\/p>\n

    th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u00f3a th\u00e2n.
    \nTi\u1ebfp theo, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n,<\/p>\n

    cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n. Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em> c\u00f3 n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

    v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n: \u201cN\u1ebfu T\u00f4i<\/p>\n

    th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0ng danh<\/p>\n

    hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i, chuy\u00ean nh\u1edb n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4i, tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

    c\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00ed t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n sanh v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

    n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c\u201d[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p<\/p>\n

    \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n\u201d[2]<\/a>. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n: B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tu nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, H\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u00f9y duy\u00ean th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n, cho n\u00ean<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 268.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 1; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 250.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 311 *<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba tu<\/p>\n

    h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n.
    \nK\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>. Trong Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c khi l\u00e2m<\/p>\n

    chung, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n\u201d.<\/em> \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng, kinh<\/p>\n

    v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u00e1o<\/p>\n

    th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n, v\u00ec: \u201cTh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd (Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0) v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, h\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d[1]<\/a>. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o,<\/p>\n

    v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh c\u0103n c\u01a1 k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n

    nghinh ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1o th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    cao di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
    \nKhi \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng<\/p>\n

    g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong kinh Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m th\u1ecd<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u00a0k\u00ed <\/em>c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd<\/p>\n

    nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt Di-<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u00e1o th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

    gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 nh\u1eadp<\/p>\n

    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec khuy\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

    kh\u00edch ch\u00fang sanh tu h\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft<\/p>\n

    -b\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng l\u00e0<\/p>\n

    kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

    h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn[2]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0<\/p>\n

    t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho<\/p>\n

    t\u1ea7ng<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Kinh Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em>; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>,<\/p>\n

    quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 344.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 2; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 250-251.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    * Trang 312 *<\/p>\n

    l\u1edbp b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00ean<\/p>\n

    truy c\u1ea7u. Theo ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadp<\/p>\n

    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u00e0<\/p>\n

    quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

    B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1ee9t<\/p>\n

    b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.
    \nX\u00e9t theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o,<\/p>\n

    B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

    nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu<\/p>\n

    t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00f5i<\/p>\n

    n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

    ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

    gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o,<\/p>\n

    th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

    t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i l\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu b\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

    th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

    th\u00e2n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e0m<\/p>\n

    phu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng<\/p>\n

    b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

    th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ec7<\/p>\n

    nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u00e0m phu<\/p>\n

    c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9.
    \nQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

    m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

    mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

    ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

    c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    * Trang 313 *<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>
      \nT\u1eeb ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang H\u00f2a th\u1ee9 2 (179 TL), \u0111\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      vua Linh \u0110\u1ebf, th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, ng\u00e0i Chi-l\u00e2u-ca-s\u1ea5m<\/p>\n

      d\u1ecbch kinh B\u00e1t-chu tam-mu\u1ed9i<\/em>, th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3,<\/p>\n

      th\u1eddi Ng\u00f4, ng\u00e0i Chi Khi\u00eam; th\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n, ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

      Tr\u00fac Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kinh: Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i A-di-\u0111\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n

      (t\u1ee9c kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em>), kinh B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng vi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00a0gi\u00e1c<\/em>. Th\u1eddi Di\u00eau T\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp; th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      L\u01b0u T\u1ed1ng, ng\u00e0i B\u1ea3o V\u00e2n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kinh: Kinh A-di-<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u0111\u00e0, Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn, kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd,<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00a0kinh Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em> l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i.
      \nSau khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

      Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ec danh<\/p>\n

      ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ecbnh t\u1ecda nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh,<\/p>\n

      h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

      oai th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam th\u00f9<\/p>\n

      th\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Tr\u00ec danh ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

      nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y<\/p>\n

      v\u1ea1n, m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n c\u00e2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.
      \n\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

      nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i L\u00f4<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1n Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb danh t\u0103ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

      Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

      t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 Di-\u0111\u00e0, hy<\/p>\n

      v\u1ecdng v\u00e3ng sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1<\/p>\n

      th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i thi t\u1eadp t\u1ef1<\/em>, h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

      v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

      * Trang 314 *<\/p>\n

      c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng tam-mu\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

      ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng phu<\/p>\n

      thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cCho n\u00ean nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y,<\/p>\n

      v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, khi \u0111\u1ed1i duy\u00ean x\u00fac c\u1ea3nh, t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

      th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu soi t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d[1]<\/a>. Trong kinh T\u1ecda <\/em><\/p>\n

      thi\u1ec1n tam-mu\u1ed9i<\/em>, ng\u00e0i \u0111em ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

      chia l\u00e0m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc:
      \nTh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean qu\u00e1n nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

      khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung l\u00ean<\/p>\n

      t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt.
      \nTh\u1ee9 hai, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

      h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.
      \nTh\u1ee9 ba, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u201cch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng hai vi\u1ec7c: Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0<\/p>\n

      c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng xen t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c,<\/p>\n

      t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i\u201d[2]<\/a>.
      \nNg\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n c\u0169ng t\u1eebng th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

      C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

      n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

      ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cC\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

      c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

      c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu su\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u0111oan nghi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng,\u2026Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u0103ng?\u201d[3]<\/a>; \u2018Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf duy\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a?\u2019<\/a>[4]<\/a>.
      \nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

      Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> Cao t\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 2; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>,<\/p>\n

      quy\u1ec3n 50, tr. 359.<\/p>\n

      [2]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 15, tr. 281.<\/p>\n

      [3]<\/a> Vi\u1ec5n Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p<\/em>, T\u1ee5c t\u1ea1ng kinh, <\/em>quy\u1ec3n 2, t\u1eadp 1, cu\u1ed1n 1, tr. 4.<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[4]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 5.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      * Trang 315 *<\/p>\n

      l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

      danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.
      \nTrong L\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn an l\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a<\/em>, ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e0m Loan n\u00f3i:
      \n\u201cHo\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m danh t\u1ef1 Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

      h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m quang minh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

      ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

      c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c xen v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

      l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u00e2m t\u00e2m n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      ni\u1ec7m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m\u2026 khi l\u00e2m chung, v\u00ec x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, nguy\u1ec7n sanh c\u00f5i An L\u1ea1c,<\/p>\n

      t\u1eebng c\u00e2u t\u1eebng c\u00e2u n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh th\u1eadp<\/p>\n

      ni\u1ec7m\u2026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y khi m\u1ea1ng chung li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i An L\u1ea1c\u201d[1]<\/a>.
      \nTrong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Loan n\u00eau ra<\/p>\n

      hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

      \\nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Loan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

      danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.
      \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o X\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y<\/p>\n

      b\u00e9n, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi, ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

      c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eadp nguy\u1ec7t t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0a ra quan<\/p>\n

      \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cCh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c T\u1ed5ng<\/p>\n

      ho\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

      ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i t\u0103ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u1ec1u sanh ra \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

      sanh. T\u00ednh ra ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi nay, c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

      Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 47, tr. 3.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      * Trang 316 *<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 500 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0[1]<\/a>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi tu ph\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1m<\/p>\n

      h\u1ed1i, x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i sanh<\/p>\n

      t\u1eed trong 80 \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp\u201d[2]<\/a>.
      \nTrong \u0110\u1ea1o X\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec7n<\/em>, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

      X\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u00e0, d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n<\/p>\n

      d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt x\u00e2u h\u1ea1t m\u1ed9c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

      s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o X\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh<\/p>\n

      ra ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

      Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o sau n\u00e0y.
      \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

      c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Loan, ng\u00e0i \u0111em n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a,<\/p>\n

      s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Nh\u00ecn<\/p>\n

      chung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

      ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sau.
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.1. Thuy\u1ebft tam t\u00e2m<\/strong>
      \nNh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i<\/p>\n

      h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 mong mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh. Thuy\u1ebft tam t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> Sau Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 5 c\u00e1i 500 n\u0103m, ph\u00e1p tu h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau: 500 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecdc hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

      ki\u00ean c\u1ed1; 500 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00ean c\u1ed1,<\/p>\n

      500 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111a v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1; 500 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

      th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, chuy\u00ean t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p, tu ph\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00e1m<\/p>\n

      h\u1ed1i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1; 500 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m b\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng,<\/p>\n

      ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 (Theo kinh <\/em><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eadp nguy\u1ec7t t\u1ea1ng-Kinh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eadp<\/em><\/p>\n

      quy\u1ec3n 55).<\/p>\n

      [2]<\/a> An l\u1ea1c t\u1eadp<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>,<\/p>\n

      quy\u1ec3n 47, tr. 4.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      * Trang 317 *<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.1.1. T\u00e2m ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh <\/em>
      \nT\u00e2m ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

      Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

      Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

      n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi tu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

      di\u1ec7n: Th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

      t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n tinh t\u1ea5n, b\u00ean trong \u00f4m l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n

      d\u1ed1i\u201d[2]<\/a>, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m kh\u1ea9u nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0, n\u1ebfu tu h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

      kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, nh\u1ea5t c\u1eed nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn 48 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

      t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Nay ch\u00fang sanh mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

      n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh<\/p>\n

      th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n

      tu h\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ec7<\/p>\n

      nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
      \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u2018ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u2019 h\u00e0m<\/p>\n

      \u00fd tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0<\/p>\n

      ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u1ee3i tha. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 trong<\/p>\n

      m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, x\u1ea3 ly u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0<\/p>\n

      ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m si\u00eang tu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n

      si\u00eang tu, t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

      di\u1ec7n: Tu thi\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1eebng \u00e1c, m\u00e0 d\u1eebng \u00e1c c\u0169ng<\/p>\n

      ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu thi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean tu thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eebng \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u quan<\/p>\n

      tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai.
      \nCh\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u1ee3i tha, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf<\/p>\n

      \u00e1c song song v\u1edbi si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

      h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng si\u00eang tu T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cTa mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 4, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 270.<\/p>\n

      [2]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 271.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      * Trang 318 *<\/p>\n

      th\u00ec gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean, ta mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00ec gi\u00fap<\/p>\n

      ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng,<\/p>\n

      trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh th\u00ec t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

      quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n<\/p>\n

      th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t,<\/p>\n

      m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u1eeba m\u00ecnh, hai l\u00e0 l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc to\u00e0n tri to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3<\/p>\n

      h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i ra sao \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

      nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sanh d\u00f9ng thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

      \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

      m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n v\u00e3ng sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

      ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/p>\n

      cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

      tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ai t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

      t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda trong bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
      \nNguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

      gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m li\u00ean l\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

      ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

      b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng si\u00eang n\u0103ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecd si\u00eang n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f2n<\/p>\n

      kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2m ra nghi ng\u1edd kh\u1ea3<\/p>\n

      n\u0103ng v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

      m\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n tinh t\u1ea5n, b\u00ean<\/p>\n

      trong \u00f4m l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i\u201d kia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn<\/p>\n

      t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, r\u1ed1t<\/p>\n

      cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

      l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf!<\/p>\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n<\/p>\n

      th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ngay \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho<\/p>\n

      ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e3ng sanh, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn d\u1eaft<\/p>\n

      m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a>\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u9054\u800c\u9054\u4eba (Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef<\/em>,<\/p>\n

      Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed).<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      * Trang 319 *<\/p>\n

      Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

      s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m:<\/p>\n

      [\u201cH\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng xu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

      chi\u1ebfu, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9, tr\u1eeb t\u1eafm r\u1eeda ra th\u00ec th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

      r\u1eddi ca sa; tu h\u1ea1nh b\u00e1t-chu tam-mu\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

      [ kinh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

      m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng<\/p>\n

      li\u1ebfc m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn n\u1eef nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng t\u00e2m danh l\u1ee3i,<\/p>\n

      c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a\u201d[1]<\/a>. Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

      c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi<\/p>\n

      t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i: \u201cT\u0103ng<\/p>\n

      t\u1ee5c trong kinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gieo<\/p>\n

      m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u00fai cao xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m<\/p>\n

      m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i s\u00e2u, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gieo<\/p>\n

      m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y cao xu\u1ed1ng, hay l\u00e0 thi\u00eau th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

      [c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, xa g\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      H\u1ecd tu c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 con, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00a0A-di-\u0111\u00e0<\/em> t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ba m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

      danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn<\/p>\n

      c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n c\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eafc ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i,<\/p>\n

      nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

      k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201d[2]<\/a>. Xem \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

      [c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

      ch\u00fang th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.1.2. T\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/em>
      \nTrong Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

      \u201cN\u00f3i th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u201d[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

      Th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2m t\u00edn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

      s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00edn t\u00e2m s\u00e2u d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t xem tr\u1ecdng th\u00e2m<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> T\u00e2n tu v\u00e3ng sanh truy\u1ec7n, H\u1eafc c\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n <\/em><\/p>\n

      ng\u1eef \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ee5c<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 9, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 83,<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 158.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        [2]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 158.<\/p>\n

        [3]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 271.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 320 *<\/p>\n

        t\u00e2m, ng\u00e0i tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean hai<\/p>\n

        ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3.
        \nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho<\/p>\n

        r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/p>\n

        th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ta \u0111ang l\u00e0<\/p>\n

        m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m phu s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

        ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

        n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt.
        \nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/p>\n

        ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u<\/p>\n

        s\u1eafc, n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m:
        \n– Ph\u1ea3i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o 48 nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

        th\u1ecd ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

        n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

        v\u00e3ng sanh.
        \n– Ph\u1ea3i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1n, c\u1eedu ph\u1ea9m,<\/p>\n

        tam ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca-m\u00e2u-ni \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

        trong Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>.
        \n– Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc kinh A-di-\u0111\u00e0<\/em>, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

        ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn cho vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh.
        \nTh\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd,<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0i mong<\/p>\n

        m\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/p>\n

        T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
        \nX\u00e9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0<\/p>\n

        kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ch\u00fat m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

        di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

        s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed9i \u00e1c s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3<\/p>\n

        th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1<\/p>\n

        * Trang 321 *<\/p>\n

        l\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3<\/p>\n

        th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        l\u00f2ng tr\u00f4ng mong v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

        A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Nh\u00ecn theo g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch c\u00f5i<\/p>\n

        n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ta l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0<\/p>\n

        ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa.
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

        t\u00e2m th\u00e2m t\u00edn th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

        v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, trong kinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n

        th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u00e2ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00edn t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

        ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng; ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ednh ch\u00fang, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

        cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

        nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kinh<\/p>\n

        \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
        \nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1eafc c\u1ed1t ghi t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

        r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00e2n ta l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

        gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

        A-di-\u0111\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn<\/p>\n

        t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n

        ch\u00fang sanh tu h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

        A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
        \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.1.3. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/em>
        \nH\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n

        s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; h\u1ed3i<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n, h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em> l\u00e0 th\u00fa<\/p>\n

        h\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai<\/p>\n

        * Trang 322 *<\/p>\n

        thu\u1ed9c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, khi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/p>\n

        cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/p>\n

        h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Trong t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng:
        \nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0 v\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eb7ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

        sanh, hi v\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

        qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
        \nHai l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 sau khi v\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

        sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-<\/p>\n

        t\u00e1t n\u00e0y s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng quay l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

        h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd quay v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        v\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:
        \nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tu<\/p>\n

        t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

        Gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n

        oai nghi. H\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, tin nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

        qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu<\/p>\n

        t\u1eadp.
        \nM\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i<\/p>\n

        h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u1ec9 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh. T\u00f9y h\u1ec9 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

        hai m\u1eb7t: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u vui, ta c\u0169ng<\/p>\n

        t\u00f9y h\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai l\u00e0 vui theo vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

        x\u1ea3 th\u00ed trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c; th\u00ec k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ng\u1ee5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00f3 rau\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

        xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vui v\u1ebb trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

        * Trang 323 *<\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

        kh\u1edfi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e3ng sanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Trong t\u00edn<\/p>\n

        ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan<\/p>\n

        tr\u1ecdng, trong b\u1ed9 kinh A-di-\u0111\u00e0,<\/em> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ba<\/p>\n

        l\u1ea7n khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n.
        \nL\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam<\/p>\n

        tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/p>\n

        khuy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang sanh nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n n\u00ean ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n, nguy\u1ec7n sanh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kia\u201d[1]<\/a>.
        \nL\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, khi khai th\u1ecb: \u201cNghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec<\/p>\n

        danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0\u201d, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang<\/p>\n

        sanh nghe l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n sanh v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

        n\u01b0\u1edbc kia\u201d.
        \nL\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, khi khai th\u1ecb ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e3ng sanh, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i:
        \n\u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin, ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n sanh v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

        n\u01b0\u1edbc kia\u201d[2]<\/a>.
        \nV\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00e2m th\u00e2m t\u00edn<\/p>\n

        n\u00e0y c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 kim cang, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        l\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i, nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

        m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo h\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c\u2026 l\u00e0m lay \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d[3]<\/a>.
        \nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00e2m ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh<\/em> m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i; t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/em><\/p>\n

        l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt; t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t <\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 347.<\/p>\n

        [2]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 348.<\/p>\n

        [3]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 4; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 272.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 324 *<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e3ng sanh. Ba t\u00e2m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi<\/p>\n

        chung la tam t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ba<\/p>\n

        vi\u1ec7c: S\u1edf c\u1ea7u T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1edf quy \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0<\/p>\n

        s\u1edf h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ba t\u00e2m l\u00e0 an<\/p>\n

        t\u00e2m, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201cBa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

        th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

        ba t\u00e2m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra\u201d[1]<\/a>.
        \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3.2. Thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0ng danh<\/strong>
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 cao di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u1ed5 x\u00fay r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0ng danh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. \u201cNam m\u00f4 A-di-\u0111\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u201d gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i,<\/p>\n

        x\u01b0a nay gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u00e1u ch\u1eef danh hi\u1ec7u, hai<\/p>\n

        b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhau.
        \nSau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat<\/p>\n

        v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0ng danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o.
        \nTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e1c<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

        c\u1ee7a x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ecbnh \u1ea2nh Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

        v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n<\/strong> Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec cho<\/p>\n

        r\u1eb1ng Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m<\/strong> Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i, trong<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

        tam-mu\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 do Vi-\u0111\u1ec1-hi th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i cho h\u1ea1ng l\u1ee3i c\u0103n; ba \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp sau l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. Do m\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> S\u0111d., tr. 273.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 325 *<\/p>\n

        kinh<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

        ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. Khi<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n trao Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> cho t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A<\/p>\n

        -nan, Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i, m\u00e0<\/p>\n

        d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb k\u1ef9 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef<\/p>\n

        l\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd\u201d[1]<\/a>. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kinh n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0<\/p>\n

        thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ebf<\/strong>, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tam-mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/strong>; v\u1eeba<\/p>\n

        ph\u1ebf v\u1eeba l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>.
        \nK\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0ng danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e2m chung. V\u0103n H\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

        h\u1ea1 sanh trong Qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em> c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb<\/p>\n

        kh\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, thi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/p>\n

        b\u1ea3o: N\u1ebfu anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m<\/strong> Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec n\u00ean<\/p>\n

        x\u01b0ng<\/strong> danh hi\u1ec7u V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00ed t\u00e2m x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        ni\u1ec7m \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        Nam m\u00f4 A-di-\u0111\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, do x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean<\/p>\n

        trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

        t\u1ed9i sanh t\u1eed. Trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh<\/p>\n

        v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc An L\u1ea1c\u201d[2]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n

        l\u00e2m chung th\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u01b0ng m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u00e3ng sanh l\u1ec5 t\u00e1n,<\/em> ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

        n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu T\u00f4i th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

        ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfng<\/p>\n

        m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh th\u00ec T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c\u201d[3]<\/a>. Trong Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb<\/em>, khi gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

        th\u00edch v\u0103n kinh \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m\u201d,<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> Kinh<\/em> Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd<\/em>; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em><\/p>\n

        quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 346.<\/p>\n

        [2]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 12, tr. 346.<\/p>\n

        [3]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 47, tr. 448.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 326 *<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfng x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eadp nguy\u1ec7n, th\u1eadp<\/p>\n

        h\u1ea1nh\u201d[1]<\/a>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

        x\u01b0ng danh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m.
        \nL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1[<\/p>\n

        tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh hay t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a[<\/p>\n

        ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh\u2019, l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1nh\u2019. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o y c\u1ee9 theo Ng\u0169 ni\u1ec7m m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0m Loan, \u0111em ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i:
        \n1. Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng: Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

        t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
        \n2. Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t: Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/p>\n

        qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di<\/p>\n

        -\u0111\u00e0.
        \n3. Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i: Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
        \n4. Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1n th\u00e1n: Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean c\u00fang<\/p>\n

        d\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
        \n5. Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh x\u01b0ng danh: Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

        mi\u1ec7ng x\u01b0ng danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0.
        \nTrong n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

        l\u1ea1i \u0111em ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh x\u01b0ng danh<\/em> l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

        nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec<\/p>\n

        v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1nh,<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 250.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 327 *<\/p>\n

        tu ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201c<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang sanh ch\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea3nh t\u1ebf, t\u00e2m th\u00f4, th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

        lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t khuy\u00ean n\u00ean chuy\u00ean<\/p>\n

        x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u\u201d[1]<\/a>.
        \n\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

        h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4<\/p>\n

        h\u1ea1n. Danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa<\/p>\n

        hai b\u00ean, cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

        sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ec sao danh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

        l\u1edbn lao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

        n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u00fang sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0i \u0111em c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

        danh hi\u1ec7u \u2018A-di-\u0111\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u2019. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bu\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, danh hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

        c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u1ec7n,<\/p>\n

        to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m trong c\u00e2u \u2018A-di-\u0111\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u2019<\/p>\n

        . V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i: \u201cTr\u00ean th\u00ec su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u hay m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u, nh\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh\u201d[2]<\/a>. S\u1ef1<\/p>\n

        t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh danh hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

        d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

        c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3<\/p>\n

        th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> Ph\u00e1p s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 47, tr. 439.<\/p>\n

        [2]<\/a> V\u00e3ng sanh l\u1ec5 t\u00e1n<\/em>; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 47, tr.<\/p>\n

        439.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 328 *<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c<\/p>\n

        d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi ch\u00fang sanh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i n\u00eau l\u00ean<\/p>\n

        ba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng:
        \n1. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n duy\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u201cCh\u00fang sanh kh\u1edfi h\u1ea1nh, mi\u1ec7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n nghe; th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y;<\/p>\n

        t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

        sanh nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

        ch\u00fang sanh, hai b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xa c\u00e1ch nhau, cho n\u00ean<\/p>\n

        g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u201d[1]<\/a>. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1edf trong<\/p>\n

        b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

        v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.
        \n2. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1eadn duy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang sanh nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<\/p>\n

        c\u1eadn duy\u00ean\u201d. Ch\u00fang sanh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

        nguy\u1ec7n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd li\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

        m\u1eaft.
        \n3. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u, li\u1ec1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed9i trong<\/p>\n

        nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp. Khi l\u00e2m chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

        th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn nghinh ti\u1ebfp, t\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

        ng\u0103n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

        Do ch\u00fang sanh chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

        li\u1ec1n ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/p>\n

        nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ea1p t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

        s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c h\u1eefu vi c\u0169ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1edd<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3i: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3<\/p>\n

        t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

        gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ki\u00ean<\/p>\n

        tr\u00ec x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 3; \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng,<\/em> quy\u1ec3n 37, tr. 268.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        * Trang 329 *<\/p>\n

        danh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:
        \n1. Cung k\u00ednh tu: Khi ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

        A-di-\u0111\u00e0, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n cung k\u00ednh.
        \n2. V\u00f4 d\u01b0 tu: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd<\/p>\n

        kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen t\u1ea1p,<\/p>\n

        mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u00e0, chuy\u00ean nh\u1edb, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u1edf T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.
        \n3. V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n tu: T\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u01a1i kh\u1edfi h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c,<\/p>\n

        kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu sanh t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

        kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u00f9y l\u00fac s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
        \n4. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi tu: T\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac<\/p>\n

        l\u00e2m chung, \u0111\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        d\u1eebng gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng.
        \nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o,<\/p>\n

        ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang sanh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ba t\u00e2m, chuy\u00ean tu<\/p>\n

        ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 tr\u00ec danh, kh\u00f4ng xen l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n

        h\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

        bi\u1ebfng, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0, v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
        \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <\/strong><\/p>\n

        h\u1eadu th\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00e0m Loan, \u0110\u1ea1o X\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0i \u0111em t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cx\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt\u201d<\/p>\n

        * Trang 330 *<\/p>\n

        n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3,<\/p>\n

        h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, n\u00eau l\u00ean<\/p>\n

        m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi noi theo. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

        v\u1ec1 sau, x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt trong t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9<\/p>\n

        nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

        A-di-\u0111\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau, khi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0169 T\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 suy<\/p>\n

        vi tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng v\u1eabn th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Do x\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1ea5m<\/p>\n

        s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

        c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u1ea5p thu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

        c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

        t\u00f4ng chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i.
        \nTuy \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/p>\n

        trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb d\u1ea1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u1ea3i qua<\/p>\n

        kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 tr\u1edf<\/p>\n

        n\u00ean kh\u00e1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh xem nh\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

        nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0ng danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

        ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

        trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho<\/p>\n

        r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

        ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \\<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/p>\n

        d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn; hai l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

        nha \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00f3<\/p>\n

        th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

        , giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gian. C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan<\/p>\n

        tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

        d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

        * Trang 331 *<\/p>\n

        T\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai v\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t:
        \nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tinh vi ho\u00e1,<\/p>\n

        chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

        cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

        chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

        vi\u1ec7n, xa r\u1eddi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

        ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy vi.
        \nHai l\u00e0, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fa s\u1edb, tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao<\/p>\n

        t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

        lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, trong \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

        ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi<\/p>\n

        s\u1ef1<\/p>\n

        tu h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.
        \n\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00eau l\u00ean ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n x\u01b0ng danh<\/p>\n

        ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n

        tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1<\/p>\n

        \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

        ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Sau n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, m\u1ecdi ng\u00f5<\/p>\n

        ng\u00e1ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/p>\n

        Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

        l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

        v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

        nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

        * Trang 332 *<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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