{"id":7244,"date":"2021-08-18T10:17:47","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T10:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/?p=7244"},"modified":"2021-08-19T19:13:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T19:13:05","slug":"7244-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/7244-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lam The Nao De Dat Su Giai Thoat ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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453.L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t ?<\/span><\/strong>
\nHoang Phong chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/b>L\u00c0M TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O \u0110\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ea0T \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C S\u1ef0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T?<\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0111\u00fang theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nChristian Maes<\/span><\/strong>
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u Hoang Phong chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay, Christian Maes \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Internet (http:\/\/majjhima.perso.neuf.fr\/<\/a>) m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong b\u1ed9\u00a0Trung A H\u00e0m<\/i><\/a>\u00a0(Majjhima Nikaya<\/i>) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “C\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh<\/i>” v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Kinh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trung A H\u00e0m tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i (r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o…) th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia (t\u1ef3 kheo) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 noi theo tr\u00ean con \u0111u\u1eddng tu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u …, v\u00ec b\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 152 b\u00e0i kinh!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3, Christian Maes \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng ba-m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00e0i kinh mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0\u00a0“Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n voi v\u00e0 ba-m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c”.\u00a0<\/i>\u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u00fap t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 kinh Trung A H\u00e0m\u00a0(tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ILV ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, 2012 (<\/i>ISBN : 978-2-35209-504-0,<\/i>\u00a0295 trang) , t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngay sau khi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng Internet t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:\u00a0\u00a0<\/i>http:\/\/majjhima.perso.neuf.fr\/<\/a><\/i>. \/ T\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n voi” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch – ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n voi\u00a0(Majjihima Nikaya)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong t\u1eebng b\u00e0i kinh – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pa-li – Christian Maes c\u00f2n k\u00e8m th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00fa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch\u00a0“B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i”<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi\u00a0“B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i”<\/i>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m (Buddhagosa) gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Theravada n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n\u00a0“Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 Tinh Khi\u1ebft”<\/i>\u00a0hay “Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o”\u00a0<\/i>(Visuddhimagga)<\/i>.<\/a>\u00a0T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Christian Maes d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch nay v\u00e0i n\u0103m (Le chemin de la puret\u00e9 – Visuddhimagga<\/i>, nxb Fayard, 2002).<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i Kinh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi\u00a0“B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i”<\/i>\u00a0tr\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u1eadp “Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/i><\/a>” (Visuddhimagga<\/i>) Christian Maes \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0”\u00a0M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n”<\/i>. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u1eadt trong s\u00e1ng, t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfng Pa-li. \u00d4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y – v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i (Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u)<\/i>\u00a0xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Christian Maes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3. Trang web c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh do \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch … “tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi” th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Christian Maes c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ghi t\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u00eca s\u00e1ch. V\u1edbi tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9\u00a0Trung A H\u00e0m<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0“Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n voi”,<\/i>\u00a0qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o \u1ea5y, hay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1ea7u sao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do \u00f4ng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuy d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kinh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c, quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c “b\u00e0i kinh” th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n”, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c “c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n” th\u1eadt xa x\u01b0a \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ng\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c “c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n” m\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o h\u00f4m qua m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i b\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef\u00a0“Ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n”<\/i>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1\u00a0“C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a>“<\/i>\u00a0(\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c…) m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u00fd “d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng” tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qua\u00a0“C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng”<\/i>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u1ea7m l\u0169i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i… Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm hay ph\u00f3ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta. Christian Maes cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/address>\n
\u00a0<\/address>\n
\u0111\u00fang theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/i><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/address>\n
L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/address>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong\u00a0Trung A H\u00e0m<\/i>\u00a0thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u hay th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra. V\u1ecb C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, khi th\u00ec nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, l\u00fac l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong\u00a0“C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m xe”<\/i>\u00a0(t\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i Kinh)<\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong t\u1eadp\u00a0“Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/a>“<\/i>\u00a0(Visuddhimagga<\/i>) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy t\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kinh ng\u1ea1c!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ta cho r\u1eb1ng ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i khi ta suy ngh\u0129 th\u00ec ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c “suy ngh\u0129” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cho ta \u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n ch\u1eafn t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n che khu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u xa th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ngay c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, l\u00fac th\u00ec th\u00edch th\u00fa, khi th\u00ec kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, l\u00fac th\u00ec trung h\u00f2a. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t, h\u00ecnh-t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c)<\/i>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(phi-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ea5t, phi-h\u00ecnh-t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n)<\/i>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3\u00a0(t\u1ee9c ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c)<\/i>. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y kinh s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4-c\u00e1-th\u1ec3\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng ra c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3)<\/i>, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u00a0(t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0)<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. Ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 hay h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n)<\/i>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa c\u0169ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kinh ng\u1ea1c: \u1ea5y l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy t\u01b0 c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nghe th\u1ea5y, ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1edd m\u00f3 th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edd m\u00f3, v.v.\u00a0(t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3).\u00a0<\/i>Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng, h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda hay kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u01b0a g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00fap \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec r\u00fat t\u1ec9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong (t\u01b0 duy) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u01b0 duy, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, hay n\u00f3i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u00fd-th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0(nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta “\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t sinh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t bay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u0129a th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec ta ch\u1ed9p ngay t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ea1nh b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb9p con ru\u1ed3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu n\u00e2ng t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp – ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ta kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ta n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ra th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho ta kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho mu\u00f4n th\u00fa, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf hay n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1ch gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nam tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00ea h\u1ebft ra \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m: kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng giao du t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ma t\u00fay.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n sinh kh\u00ed”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t sinh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, ch\u1eadn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng xung n\u0103ng hung b\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 an vui c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1edf.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng cho m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c giao du t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi gian d\u1ed1i d\u00f9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “n\u00f3i n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ma qu\u1ef7”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch b\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1eddi h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. Bi\u1ebft y\u00eau qu\u00fd s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, h\u00e2n hoan khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u00eam \u00e1i, d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o con tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ba hoa v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd, \u00edch l\u1ee3i, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c an t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – kh\u00f4ng tham lam, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t, \u01b0\u1edbc mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac: “Mong sao cho ch\u00fang sinh bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m lo cho m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn.”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft trau d\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn: ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf: \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n, th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, v\u00f4 \u01a1n, ganh t\u1ecb, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft an ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 cao hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 xa th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi cao r\u1ed9ng sau khi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i ngay cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thanh th\u1ea3n th\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u1ecfa ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 tin cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo sau.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1eadt s\u00e2u<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1eef t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u01b0 duy hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec th\u1eadt b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y theo m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0o d\u00f3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi ch\u01b0a gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung gia t\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i hy v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. D\u1ea7u sao th\u00ec ngay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u00fac ta c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean minh m\u1eabn\u00a0(t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t)<\/i>\u00a0h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00f9 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u00fac luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ra n\u1ebfu ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ngh\u0129, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung s\u00e2u xa?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i th\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i), m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt-l\u00fd t\u00f9y theo s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n – ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa m\u0169i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi h\u00edt th\u1edf.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong khi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00f4i k\u00e9o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd quay v\u1ec1 ngay v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 ba, v.v. Khi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch. Khi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n. Ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tan bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o n\u1eefa\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a)<\/i>\u00a0t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong l\u00fac \u0111ang t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00f9 cho hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong khi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch, r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n\u00a0(n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01a1 l\u00e0)<\/i>. D\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi n\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00ec ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng phi-kh\u00e1i-ni\u1ec7m, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt-l\u00fd, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u0111i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 rung nh\u1eb9 th\u1eadt k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Khi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tan bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 “nh\u1eefng ph\u00fat \u00eam \u1ea3” n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu trong khi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, ta ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u00e1t huy n\u00f3 hay ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 do d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n. Khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 minh m\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u-bi\u1ebft-tri-th\u1ee9c\u00a0(conaissance-conscience \/ conciousness-knowledge)<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi n\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 ti\u00ean nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o\u00a0(a priori)<\/i>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. Duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1eadt s\u00e2u\u00a0(t\u1ee9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd g\u1ed3m ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta quan s\u00e1t xem kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y: \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 v.v. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quan s\u00e1t theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 m\u00f9i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c (t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat t\u00f9y theo v\u1ecb) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 v\u1ecb, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c\u00a0 – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 – v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u0169ng mang nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau: s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nhau, s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u0169i khi h\u00edt th\u1edf, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn b\u00f2, ng\u1ee9a, nh\u1ecbp tim \u0111\u1eadp, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i hay kh\u00e1t, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. V\u00ec qu\u00e1 tinh t\u1ebf do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay th\u00ec n\u00ean quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc s\u1eafc b\u00e9n th\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u-bi\u1ebft-tri-th\u1ee9c (connaissance-conscience \/ consciousness-knowledge). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m\u00a0(x\u00fac gi\u00e1c)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u00e1m v\u00edu, gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, hoang mang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi hay kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, v.v.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1” th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m. Ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt minh b\u1ea1ch th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu hay trung h\u00f2a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 “g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1”: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 h\u00e2n hoan, s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch, ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng, v.v. Ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadt ch\u0103m ch\u00fa h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gom l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn: m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m-l\u00fd)<\/i>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng\u00a0(\u00eatre \/ being)<\/i>\u00a0n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u00a0(v\u00f4 ng\u00e3)<\/i>. Khi qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 “t\u00f4i” hay l\u00e0 “ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn: ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 – v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t – , ho\u1eb7c tin l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i – v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eadt-l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a tri th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng hay n\u00f3i n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m-l\u00fd, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft \u0103n, bi\u1ebft u\u1ed1ng hay bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i n\u0103ng. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 c\u00f5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 “qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m-l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u1eadt vi t\u1ebf, ngay trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m-l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc: s\u1ef1 hoang mang v\u00e0 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng\u00a0(v\u00f4 minh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y)<\/i>\u00a0che khu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u00a0(\u0111ang c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn)<\/i>, c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, b\u00e1m v\u00edu, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau\u00a0(n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p)<\/i>\u00a0mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt-l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y no, v.v.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ecdng l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt-l\u00fd ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, lo bu\u1ed3n, s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, v.v.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1i n\u00f3ng hay c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt-l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau: to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, l\u00ean c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t, hay r\u00e9t run, v.v.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m-l\u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ch\u00fang l\u00e0: nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c… C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra tri th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, \u00eam tai, \u0111inh \u00f3c, th\u01a1m, th\u1ed1i, ng\u1ecdt, cay, m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, v.v…)<\/i>\u00a0s\u1ebd gh\u00e9p th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 tri th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m-l\u00fd tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd sinh ra. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ai? T\u00f4i v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? – T\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ra sao? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i? T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai? T\u00f4i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? ” N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa\u00a0(n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u00e1u th\u1ee9 tri th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 k\u00e8m th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u00e1u th\u1ee9 tri th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u00e1u th\u1ee9 tri th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3m, th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, s\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra\u00a0\u00a0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, v\u1eadt-l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra, ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t mong manh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ph\u00f9 du, v\u00e0 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0i nhi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0(tay ch\u00e2n, b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt, b\u1ee5ng vai thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/i>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, v.v. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn, n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i thay kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sinh ra, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4-c\u00e1-th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(ng\u00e0y nay y khoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay l\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 “t\u00f4i” th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4-c\u00e1-th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt-l\u00fd)<\/i>. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd\u00a0(t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a chung trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 phi-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0: s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 (gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (th\u00edch th\u00fa, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, hay trung h\u00f2a), s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4-c\u00e1-t\u00ednh, theo t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kia trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt-l\u00fd, th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh), v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, sau h\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kia th\u1ebf th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n. Qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00edch th\u00fa. Ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4-c\u00e1-th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7. Khi ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ed9t kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. Khi ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111em ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed7i khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Khi chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd qu\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed7i khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u00a0(\u0111\u1ec3 chen v\u00e0o hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed7i khi quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd qu\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh, ch\u00fang th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ta ng\u1ee1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ch\u00fang:\u00a0“C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch”. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch phi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0(ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi n\u00e0o th\u00e1o b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt ch\u00fa t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec nh\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng th\u1eadt nhanh. Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec, v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t theo. Quan s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y\u00a0(nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t)<\/i>\u00a0s\u1ebd gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4-c\u00e1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c th\u00eam m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kinh khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho ta ph\u1ea3i kinh t\u1edfm ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh. Ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng\u00a0(t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9)<\/i>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o ch\u00fang n\u1eefa, ta ch\u1ec9 mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf ch\u00fang, tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt-l\u00fd n\u00e0o hay t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 “t\u00f4i” l\u00e0 “c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. Ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng “phi-\u0111i\u1ec1u-ki\u1ec7n”\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c)<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ba th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh\u00a0(t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00eam n\u1eefa)<\/i>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng “phi-\u0111i\u1ec1u-ki\u1ec7n” s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu, gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng phi-\u0111i\u1ec1u-ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat t\u00f9y theo h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng phi-\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh th\u1eadt to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hay v\u0129nh c\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sinh ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u00e0 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trich sach Phat Hoc<\/p>\n

Thich Minh Tue<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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