{"id":7844,"date":"2021-09-23T00:07:55","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T00:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/?p=7844"},"modified":"2021-09-23T00:40:20","modified_gmt":"2021-09-23T00:40:20","slug":"7844-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/7844-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110I V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

502.Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110i V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u?<\/h1>\n
\n

\"\"T\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o trong q\u00faa kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u00e2m chung m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft vui v\u1ebb ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t, run s\u1ee3\u2026 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef. <\/span>Chung quy, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C C\u1ea2NH GI\u1edaI T\u00c1I SANH<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi g\u00ec ? Do \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00e1i sanh? S\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ra sao? N\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh an hay h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B. CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00c0 C\u00c1C C\u1ea2NH GI\u1edaI T\u00c1I SANH<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c truy c\u1ea7u trong s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ( c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecb, th\u00ec m\u00e3i lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00f3ng b\u1eaft h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i huy\u1ec5n m\u1ed9ng h\u01b0 h\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i h\u01b0 h\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p- l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd, t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c.<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a. C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p : Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 : Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch, Th\u1eadp \u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b. T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p: C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta hay l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay trong l\u00fac v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac n\u00f3 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

c. T\u00edch l\u0169y nghi\u1ec7p: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch g\u00f3p b\u1edfi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o. Trong s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, T\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p do t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00e1i sanh, khi ba lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

d. C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n sau c\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung. T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m \u00e1c t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5. T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m chung, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p hay T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e1i sanh th\u00ec C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd sanh. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec T\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1i sanh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng, tu\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f4 minh vi t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u00e2u hay c\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 sanh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tuy tu h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng\u2026nh\u01b0ng do t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u sanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ec Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ly sanh t\u1eed, khi l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn tu cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. S\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, A tu la \u0111\u1ea1o, S\u00fac sanh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ea1 ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong \u0111\u00f3 hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sau l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Chung quy, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/strong><\/span>
\n
\nII. Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung\u2026 trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Sanh v\u1ec1 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 N\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c ca, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee5, Phi \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00c1c nh\u00e2n\u2026 \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i sanh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0110\u1ecba t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u0111i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0103n ho\u00e0n s\u1eaft n\u00f3ng, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00f4i, b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u01b0\u1ee1i cho tr\u00e2u c\u00e0y\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c vi t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 h\u01a1i gi\u00f3 tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m, v\u00ec b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a.2 Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u00e1i sanh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t t\u00edn Tam b\u1ea3o, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ef1c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch, th\u1eadp \u00e1c\u2026 sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e2m chung, \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Nh\u00ecn ng\u00f3 th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft gh\u00e9t gi\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u1eb1m \u00fap m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c che d\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f4i h\u00e1m.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 co l\u1ea1i, tay ch\u00e2n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b. Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n Preta, Ng\u1ea1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, Qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3. Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u xa, m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng b\u1ee5i, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt ph\u1ea7n vui. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: Qu\u1ef7 \u0111a t\u00e0i, h\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y do \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tu ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng sung m\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef7 thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i, h\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy c\u00f3 tu ph\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eadt \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef7 Hy t\u1ef1, h\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y b\u1ee5ng to nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y kim, b\u1edfi do \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham lam b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng th\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 Hy t\u1ef1 ( Qu\u1ef7 k\u00e9m ph\u01b0\u1edbc) ch\u1ec9 \u0103n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y khi th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u00e1u l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1t s\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 do v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 vui xen l\u1ed9n n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c.\u1ede c\u00f5i n\u00e0y khi hai gi\u1ed1ng giao h\u1ee3p, trong t\u00e2m kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b.2 Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh hay tham lam keo ki\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u00e2n n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u01b0\u1eddng lo ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Tay b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

c. S\u00fac sanh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fac sanh hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0ng sanh. B\u00e0ng sanh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngang. L\u1ea1i ch\u1eef b\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n\u201d v\u00ec b\u00e0ng sanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thu\u1ea7n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

c.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u00e0ng sanh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0103n nu\u1ed1t l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt ph\u1ea7n vui. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, c\u00e0y b\u1eeba, b\u1ecb banh da x\u1ebbo th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhai nu\u1ed1t\u2026 N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng si m\u00ea xen l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u00fac sanh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng th\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng r\u00f9a, c\u00e1, \u1ebfch, nh\u00e1i\u2026 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n, lo\u00e0i kim su\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3u d\u00f9ng r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb long v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea1n, cam l\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ebfng \u0103n sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u1ebfch nh\u00e1i. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi S\u00fac sanh, do v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 vui xen l\u1ed9n n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m. \u1ede c\u00f5i n\u00e0y khi hai gi\u1ed1ng giao h\u1ee3p, trong t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

c.2 Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p duy\u00ean t\u00e1i sanh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh si m\u00ea, ngu \u0111\u1ed9n\u2026b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng nghe theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1eeda sai, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e2m chung \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u00e0ng sanh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Sanh l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 con \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u co qu\u1eafp.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ngu si m\u1edd m\u1ecbt nh\u01b0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Kh\u1eafp trong th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00f2 kh\u00e8 mi\u1ec7ng hay ng\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

d. A tu la \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A tu la c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A t\u1ed1 l\u1ea1c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111oan ch\u00e1nh, phi thi\u00ean\u2026. \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1edbn h\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1i vui, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111oan ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 hay sanh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. A tu la c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean A tu la, Nh\u00e2n A tu la, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 A tu la v\u00e0 S\u00fac sanh A tu la.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

d.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi A tu la th\u1ecd s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 vui xen t\u1ea1p, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i chung, A tu la tu\u1ef3 theo \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi A tu la th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c. A tu la \u1edf trong S\u00fac sanh, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Ri\u00eang lo\u00e0i thi\u00ean A tu la d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n tr\u00e2n v\u1ecb, song mi\u1ebfng sau c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a ra b\u00f9n hay s\u00e2u nh\u00e1i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi A tu la c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u1ef7, b\u00e0ng sanh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

d.2. Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 tu ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m, sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i A tu la l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, do v\u1eady bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u1eafp t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi A tu la, th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1i sao trong A tu la c\u00f3 thi\u00ean A tu la th\u1ebf m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn x\u1ebfp sau nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf do v\u00ec h\u1ea1ng A tu la \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, do t\u00e2m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m h\u01a1n c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 D\u00f9 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0103n c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n tr\u00e2n v\u1ecb song mi\u1ebfng \u0103n sau c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00f9n hay \u1ebfch nh\u00e1i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u1ede trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a hoa ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, n\u01a1i c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f5i A tu la m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng binh kh\u00ed dao g\u1eady.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh n\u00ean d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai, lo\u00e0i A tu la t\u00e2m s\u00f4i n\u1ed7i h\u01a1n thua n\u00ean kh\u00f3 tu \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Sanh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u1ebdo ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i an ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi duy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1eabn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ecd s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 vui xen t\u1ea1p, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. N\u00f3i chung, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e1m n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 : Sanh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, o\u00e1n t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u0169 \u1ea5m x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c. T\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 khi \u1edf trong thai th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng huy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9. Th\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u01b0: c\u01a1m, rau, c\u00e1, th\u1ecbt\u2026 N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e0, chi\u1ebfu, g\u1ed1i, t\u1eafm\u2026 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 vui xen l\u1ed9n n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m. S\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh, qu\u1ef7, th\u1ea7n\u2026 khi hai th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng giao h\u1ee3p, trong t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng, li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a.2 Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed k\u1ebb c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0nh sanh l\u00f2ng h\u00f2a d\u1ecbu \u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Sanh l\u00f2ng ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn th\u1ec9nh Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n quy y.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ea5y b\u00e0 con tr\u00f4ng nom sanh l\u00f2ng vui m\u1eebng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u00e2m ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a dua n\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 D\u1eb7n d\u00f2 giao ph\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i cho th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t ra \u0111i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b. Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u1ebdo tr\u1eddi, ch\u1eef Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef thi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n: T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, t\u1ed1i thi\u00ean, t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1c, t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng trang nghi\u00eam h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u1eb7c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b.1 C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u1ed5 \u00edt vui nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n vui, c\u00f3 \u00edt ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 suy n\u00e3o \u0111o\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tam thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m vui, s\u1ef1 vui c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c duy \u1edf c\u00f5i tam thi\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 cam l\u1ed3, t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 theo ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb sai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 vui thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1eafc th\u00e2n. C\u00f2n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* D\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m, c\u00f2n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u tu ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean ch\u00fang \u1edf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi khi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i c\u0103n m\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u01a1i gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 th\u1ed5i ra d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m li\u1ec1n ti\u00eau. Tr\u1eddi T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110ao l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u1eddi D\u1ea1 ma nam n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 \u00f4m nhau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c. Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u su\u1ea5t hai b\u00ean n\u1eafm tay nhau d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m li\u1ec1n ti\u00eau. Tr\u1eddi Ho\u00e1 l\u1ea1c hai b\u00ean nam n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m nh\u00ecn nhau c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tr\u1eddi Tha ho\u00e1 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 li\u1ebfc m\u1eaft nhau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xong r\u1ed3i d\u1ee5c s\u1ef1.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

b.2 Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi tu Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi l\u00e2m chung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tu m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh c\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ( t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n) s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tu m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh c\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng) s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m l\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, v\u1ee3 con\u2026l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u00f4i h\u00e1m.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ng\u1eefa m\u1eb7t l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean cung \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. L\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean cung xao l\u00e3ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb b\u00e0 con c\u0103n d\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0. C\u00f2n hai c\u1ea3nh Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00ea man, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u00ec sanh t\u00e2m n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb h\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u00ec bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tham lam hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i S\u00fac sanh th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e0n ngh\u1eb9t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc b\u00e0 con\u2026. \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd (kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o). H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a theo h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

III. BA Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 QUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ecaNH TH\u00c0NH T\u1ef0U M\u1ed8T C\u1ea2NH GI\u1edaI:<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u01b0a nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng : Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta khi t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, khi t\u00e2m \u0111ang ngu si, m\u00ea m\u1edd\u2026l\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Chung quy, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan : L\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 trang nghi\u00eam n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f5i Ta B\u00e0, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u00e9 n\u00fai Thi\u1ebft vi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n sanh quan : L\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, b\u1edfi th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i tu\u1ef3 theo ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang c\u00f5i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec trang nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f2n th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 th\u00ec b\u1ee5ng to nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng, c\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 kim, th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c th\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e2u m\u1eb7t ng\u1ef1a\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m l\u00fd quan : L\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang c\u00f5i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec lu\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0; c\u00f2n t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t\u2026 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n g\u00ec sau khi l\u00e2m chung s\u1ebd tu\u1ef3 theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd sai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i m\u00e3i tr\u1ed1i l\u0103n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Trong s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, hai c\u1ea3nh sau tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3nh v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u0111i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 tra t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1c d\u1ea7u h\u1ea7m l\u1eeda. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n n\u0103m c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n no. ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi S\u00fac sanh th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a si m\u00ea d\u00e0y v\u00f2, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c banh da x\u1ebbo th\u1ecbt nhai nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi A tu la th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i, su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac xen l\u1eabn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5; \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb n\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edbng suy hao. Chi b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ly sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m k\u1ebb l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch qua l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i tam gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m t\u00edn s\u00e2u, nguy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft, chuy\u00ean tr\u00ec danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 mong l\u00e0m sao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ch\u00fat nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e2m chung s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch L\u00e2m Chung Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u1ea7n Bi\u1ebft
\nTh\u00edch Nguy\u00ean Li\u00ean so\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Minh Tu\u1ec7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

502.Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110i V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u? T\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o trong q\u00faa kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u00e2m chung m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft vui v\u1ebb ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y … \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110I V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u ?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCh\u1ebft Ta \u0110I V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u ? - Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng An D\u01b0\u1ee1ng - Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"bingbot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/7844-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110I V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u ? - Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng An D\u01b0\u1ee1ng - Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"502.Ch\u1ebft Ta \u0110i V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e2u? 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