{"id":9006,"date":"2021-11-23T18:06:31","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T18:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/?p=9006"},"modified":"2021-11-24T00:17:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-24T00:17:37","slug":"9006-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/9006-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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601.\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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Khi Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, x\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay Ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5” (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 140), l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft trong kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n, b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho 5 v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f9ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec”. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, h\u00e3y du h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho qu\u1ea7n sanh, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho qu\u1ea7n sanh, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng I, 128).Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o tha thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c cho m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u1ea7u xin. C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y (Sanditthiko ak\u00e0liko), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ehipassiko), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa x\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111em vui cho ch\u00fang sanh: “Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o, v\u1edbi \u01b0u n\u00e3o, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e3o, sau khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u00e1c th\u00fa. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 5? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00e1c tu\u1ec7. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e3o; v\u00e0 sau khi m\u1ea1ng chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 c\u00f5i l\u00e0nh. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 5? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo. T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7… ” (T\u0103ng Chi I, 11).<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam: “Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 5? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn. \u00d0\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi” (T\u0103ng Chi II, 20).<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Alarakalama, v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, Ng\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129: “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 Alarakalama c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 Alarakalama c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 Alarakalama c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 Alarakalama c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 Alarakalama c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7”. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00e0i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 Alarakalama \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh, thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh, l\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb khi t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ai, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111au kh\u1ed5, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi thi\u00ean l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u1ecb tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch, thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong kinh V\u00ed D\u1ee5 T\u1ea5m V\u1ea3i (Trung B\u1ed9 I, s\u1ed1 7), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf \u0111em nhu\u1ed9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u nhu\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f5i \u00e1c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111em nhu\u1ed9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 16 c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf t\u00e2m, trong \u1ea5y tham s\u00e2n si l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, nh\u1edd l\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ba Ng\u00f4i B\u00e1u (Tam B\u1ea3o), nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a t\u00edn th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00edn th\u1ecd. “T\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e2n hoan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p sanh; t\u1eeb h\u00e2n hoan, h\u1ef7 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. T\u1eeb h\u1ef7 th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an. Th\u00e2n khinh an, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd. V\u1edbi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh”. (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 37a-37b). Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng 5 thi\u1ec1n chi t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m. Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ba l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c: d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu; ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch m\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m th\u1ee7, tham, s\u00e2n, s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, m\u1ea1n, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 7 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean: tham t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, s\u00e2n tu\u1ef3 mi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, nghi t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, m\u1ea1n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, h\u1eefu tham t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c; m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea9u u\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1ea1ch t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c,
\nTh\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh,
\nT\u00e2m \u00fd gi\u1eef trong s\u1ea1ch,
\nCh\u00ednh l\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.– (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 183)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebb \u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh b\u00e0o thai,
\nK\u1ebb \u00e1c sinh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c,
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi,
\nV\u00f4 l\u1eadu ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n — (Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 126)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hay c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1c h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m
\nL\u00e0m xong ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 l\u1ee5y.
\nThi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh \u1eaft n\u00ean l\u00e0m,
\nL\u00e0m xong kh\u00f4ng \u0103n n\u0103n. — (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 319)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u \u1edf xa,
\nS\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u01b0 n\u00fai tuy\u1ebft.
\nK\u1ebb \u00e1c d\u1ea7u \u1edf g\u1ea7n
\nNh\u01b0 t\u00ean b\u1eafn \u0111\u00eam \u0111en. — (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 309)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du s\u0129 Vacchagota y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 sau: “Tham l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 tham l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. S\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Si l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 si l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ba ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ba ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. S\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, L\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. T\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i l\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i l\u00e1o l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Xan tham l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf xan tham l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. S\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y Vacchagota, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n”. (Trung B\u1ed9 II, 135 b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi). Trong kinh Song T\u1ea7m, Trung B\u1ed9 I s\u1ed1 19, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m ra hai lo\u1ea1i: D\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m, s\u00e2n t\u1ea7m, h\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai, di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ly d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n t\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m, v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y? \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5: “Ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec5n ly, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n”. (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 116). \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1edb th\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u00e1c,
\nCh\u1edb th\u00e2n k\u1ebb ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n;
\nH\u00e3y th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh,
\nH\u00e3y th\u00e2n b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n. — (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 78)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hay c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ai d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh,
\nL\u00e0m x\u00f3a m\u1edd nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c,
\nS\u1ebd ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y,
\nNh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng tho\u00e1t m\u00e2y che. — (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 173)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c: “Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa, th\u1eadt xa, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa, th\u1eadt xa, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa, th\u1eadt xa, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch xa, c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec1 cao m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 trong kinh s\u1ed1 85 Trung B\u1ed9 II \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: “L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do l\u1ea1c, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc do kh\u1ed5. (Trung B\u1ed9 II, 403). \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed, khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m 6 n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y hay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh hai lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c: L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean l\u1ea1c, l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1c, cung k\u00ednh l\u1ea1c, danh v\u0103n l\u1ea1c (T\u0103ng Chi II, 334-335), m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e1nh xa. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u1ea1c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ly l\u1ea1c, an \u1ed5n l\u1ea1c, an t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c, ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u1ea1c. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef 5 gi\u1edbi, tu t\u1eadp 8 quan trai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c, an t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c. Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa. S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111em l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao an l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 bi quan y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, trong khi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c quan nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c, thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec5n ly l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, ti\u1ebfng hay, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, v\u1ecb ngon, x\u00fac \u00eam d\u1ecbu. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c: “S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. B\u1ec7nh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c… C\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu… tham d\u00ednh… b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c . V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, v\u00ec sao s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, say \u0111\u1eafm b\u1edfi tham d\u1ee5c, b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi tham mu\u1ed1n, ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Do v\u1eady s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c. (T\u0103ng Chi II, 309).<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v.v… v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Trong ba V\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tu\u1ec7 tri kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, tu\u1ec7 tri c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Nh\u1edd tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n sanh, do nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u00ean ly tham, do ly tham \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111en, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt tu\u1ec7 tri v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tu\u1ec7 tri c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tu\u1ec7 tri c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra”. (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 87C). Trong 37 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Trong b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, 8 n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9; trong 5 c\u0103n, 5 l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n, tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c, trong 7 gi\u00e1c chi, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi; trong 8 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c tri bi\u1ebft ngang qua \u00fd, th\u1eafng tri bi\u1ebft ngang qua thi\u1ec1n, tu\u1ec7 tri bi\u1ebft ngang qua tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, li\u1ec5u tri l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn nai, v\u00e0 th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch c\u0169ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Ta la Song th\u1ecd. \u00d0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u00fai r\u1eebng, hoa vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh l\u00e1. \u00d0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai, xa ch\u1ed1n th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng Ajanta, Ellora, Kanheri \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong n\u00fai th\u1eb3m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi n\u00fai r\u1eebng. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t nam ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00f9a Y\u00ean T\u1eed, ch\u00f9a H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cheo leo tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9n s\u00e2u trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ea3nh, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, c\u00f3 h\u00f2n non b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 b\u01a1i qua b\u01a1i l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch, h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi phong c\u1ea3nh xung quanh, t\u0129nh t\u00e2m h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u0129nh v\u1eadt, tr\u0103ng sao soi s\u00e1ng thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, khi th\u1ea5y Dandap\u00e0ni h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ta, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, \u00e1c ma v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.” (Trung B\u1ed9 III, 109-109a). M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u1eefa n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Ta. N\u00e0y cac\u00f9 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng III, 165)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd uy\u00ean th\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eeba v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, do t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u00e2y ra, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean 6 ki\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong kinh X\u00e0 D\u1ee5 (22, Trung B\u1ed9), t\u1ee9c xem s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 xem t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u00edt nghe v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nghe nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 6 ki\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nghe nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong kinh S\u00e1u S\u00e1u s\u1ed1 148 Trung B\u1ed9 III: “N\u1ebfu m\u1eaft l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn “T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t” \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00f4i. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ai n\u00f3i: m\u1eaft l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd” (Trung B\u1ed9 III, 474-475). C\u0169ng v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, kinh “V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edbng” l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam, xem 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u00fd ta mu\u1ed1n. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra: “Ai kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, nay ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u1ea5y. Suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n than van, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eadp ng\u1ef1c, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh” (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 136a). N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n than van. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng sau khi ch\u1ebft, ta s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, v\u00e0 khi nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea1t tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn x\u1ee9, t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi sanh y, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, th\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, than van, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eadp ng\u1ef1c, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh, v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh do ch\u1ea5p 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng? C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 hay l\u1ea1c? C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u0103ng n\u1ebfu xem: “S\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?”. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o… c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0o… t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o… h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o… th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0: c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 138a). Nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c. Do nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u00ean ly tham, do ly tham n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa (Trung B\u1ed9 I, 139).<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, th\u1eddi m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea5y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai then ch\u1ed1t, s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5, trong 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb c\u1ecf c\u00e2y hoa l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c vua ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Ph\u1ec7 x\u00e1, Th\u1ee7 \u0111a v.v… \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. H\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i gia, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nam c\u01b0 s\u0129, n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129; h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong kinh Dighaj\u00e0nu (T\u0103ng Chi III, 119, b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi), Dighaj\u00e0nu h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, c\u00f3 con, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1o v\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. \u00d0\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1o v\u00e1t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 trong tay \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o trong ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u00e2u ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1nh tay l\u00e0m ra, do m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, th\u00e2u ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng mua chu\u1ed9c, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp mang \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t. L\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00f2ng tin, l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. S\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i m\u1eafc n\u1ee3, s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 keo ki\u1ec7t b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 phung ph\u00ed t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y th\u00eam: “C\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng tin, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7”.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 8 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong tay, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh, cho v\u1ee3 con m\u00ecnh, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh, cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 b\u00e0 con th\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecbn \u0103n nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2u ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong kinh Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ecd Thi Ca La Vi\u1ec7t, hay kinh L\u1ec5 S\u00e1u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 IV, 188B), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng; gi\u1eefa s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam; gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc; gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 lao c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi; gi\u1eefa Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9: “\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tang l\u1ec5 khi cha m\u1eb9 qua \u0111\u1eddi”. C\u00f2n cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con: “Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, d\u1ea1y con ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho con, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi trao c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 cho con”. Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i, con c\u00e1i l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 an \u1ed5n, y\u00ean l\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c. Gi\u1eefa s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean 5 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111em l\u1ea1i an \u1ed5n thanh b\u00ecnh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam: “\u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o th\u1ea7y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7y, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ea7y, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p”. C\u00f2n s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed: “Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, d\u1ea1y cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec; d\u1ea1y cho thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; khen \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 quen bi\u1ebft; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t”. Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y, th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, y\u00ean l\u00e0nh, s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gia ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. D\u1eabu t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u01a0\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng khi n\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang theo 7 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i, th\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3m. B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, trang 74: “D\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji th\u01b0\u1eddng hay t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp trong ni\u1ec1m \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft; gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n trong niemn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ni\u1ec1m \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji kh\u00f4ng ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vajji \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi x\u01b0a; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o v\u00e0 nghe theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu \u1edf Vajji, \u1edf t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00fang l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi qui ph\u00e1p; d\u00e2n Vajji b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, che ch\u1edf, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea1i Vajji, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea1i trong x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c”.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang theo 7 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i n\u00e0y hay khi n\u00e0o 7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vajji s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c, v\u00ec 7 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c cho qu\u1ed1c gia x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vajji.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m \u01b0u, kh\u00ed m\u1ea1ng chung t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f5i l\u00e0nh. S\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh t\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e1o t\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm say r\u01b0\u1ee3u men r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n trang 86, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: “C\u00f3 5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ai gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt; hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3n xa; ba l\u00e0 khi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang n\u00e0o, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i; b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n; n\u0103m l\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh thi\u1ec7n th\u00fa, thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.” \u00d0\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au g\u00e2y ra cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u0103m ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n: “Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c.” (T\u0103ng Chi II, 214).<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do vi\u1ec5n ly sanh nh\u01b0 kinh T\u0103ng Chi II, trang 213 n\u00eau r\u00f5: “Khi v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa h\u1ef7 do vi\u1ec5n ly sanh, trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y 5 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y: Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u01b0u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y; l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u01b0u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n; l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n; kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u01b0u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tu t\u1eadp t\u00e1m Trai gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t gia trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. Trong kinh V\u00e0settha, T\u0103ng Chi II, trang 103, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng: “N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf ly… B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n… Ph\u1ec7 x\u00e1… Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0… th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00e1c ma, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 8 chi ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00e1c ma, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, hay qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i… ” Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y trong kinh S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 H\u1eadn th\u00f9, T\u0103ng Chi III, trang 468: “Khi n\u00e0o v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu 5 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 4 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chi ph\u1ea7n, kh\u00e9o th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u00e1nh l\u00fd v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, b\u00e0ng sanh, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9. Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef, \u00e1c th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c, quy\u1ebft ch\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”. L\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu 5 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm say r\u01b0\u1ee3u men r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 4 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00e9o nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u00e1nh l\u00fd v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean sanh v\u00e0 duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 12 ph\u00e1p, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Gi\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 qu\u00fd, th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh, \u00fd h\u00e0nh, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi ph\u1ed1i, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn 4 uy nghi, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, nh\u1edd v\u1eady t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, h\u00e2n hoan khinh an, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t tham, s\u00e2n, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nghi v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 5 thi\u1ec1n chi: t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Nh\u1edd t\u00e2m t\u01b0 thanh l\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh, thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh, \u00fd h\u00e0nh, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh. V\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, Trung B\u1ed9 I, trang 56 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang sanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u bi, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf.. V\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u bi, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. V\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd duy\u00ean sanh, duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1eefa d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n 5 tinh c\u1ea7n chi, (Trung B\u1ed9 II, trang 95), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m 5 chi ph\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u00edt b\u1ecbnh \u00edt n\u00e3o, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, trung b\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh t\u1ea5n. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gian tr\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o s\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng tinh c\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ea5n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, thu\u1ea7n tr\u00ed d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tu\u1ec7 tri s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

(tr\u00edch T\u1eadp V\u0103n “Th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea1o”)<\/em><\/strong>
\nH.T Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Min Tu\u1ec7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

601.\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh … \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng An D\u01b0\u1ee1ng - Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<meta name=\"googlebot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"bingbot\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/9006-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng An D\u01b0\u1ee1ng - Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"601.\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ... \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/niemphatduonganduong.org\/diendanphap\/9006-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng An D\u01b0\u1ee1ng - 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